1115 Death of Matilda, Countess of Tuscany (b. 1046) 1129 Death of Shirakawa, Emperor of Japan (b. 1053) 1132 Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily. 1216 Cencio Savelli is consecrated as Pope Honorius III 1394 Death of Alexander Stewart, 1st Earl of Buchan, Scottish prince (b. 1343) 1411 Battle of Harlaw, one of the bloodiest battles...

1099 Godfrey of Bouillon elected first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of Jerusalem 1210 Birth of Joan of England, Queen consort of Scotland, wife of Alexander II of Scotland (d. 1238) 1298 Battle of Falkirk – Edward I (Longshanks) of England and his longbowmen defeat William Wallace and his scottish schiltrons outside the town. 1298 English...

1013 Birth of Hermann von Reichenau in Saulgau, (Germany); chronicler of information. 1066 Death of St. Answer by stoning in far north of German area (born about 1035); Benedictine monk. 1100 Death of Godfrey of Bouillon, French crusader 1195 Battle of Alarcos, great victory of Almohad ruler Abu Yusuf Ya’qub al-Mansur over the Castilian King Alfonso...

1048 Damasus II appointed Pope. 1048 The third German pope, Damasus II, is enthroned in Rome. Originally named Poppo, he was born in Bavaria. He was the Bishop of Brixen in Tyrol when Heinrich III nominated him as pope. 1070 Death of Baldwin VI, Count of Flanders (b. 1030) 1086 Death of King Canute IV of Denmark 1105 Death of Rashi, French rabbi and commentator...

1174 Death of King Amalric I of Jerusalem (b. 1136) 1274 Birth of Robert the Bruce Scotland, King (1328-1329). 1302 Battle of the Golden Spurs (Guldensporenslag in Dutch) – a coalition around the Flemish cities defeats the king of France’s huge knightly army. 1302 Death of Robert II of Artois, French soldier (b. 1250) 1346 Charles IV of Luxembourg...

810 Pepin, son of Charlemagne, king of Italy, dies. 975 Death of King Edgar of England 1099 First Crusade: 15,000 starving Christian soldiers march in religious procession around Jerusalem as its Muslim defenders mock them. 1153 Death of Pope Eugene III 1283 War of the Sicilian Vespers: Battle of Malta 1497 Vasco da Gama sets sail on first direct European voyage...